Multi-stage rodingitization of ophiolitic bodies from Northern Apennines (Italy): Constraints from petrography, geochemistry and thermodynamic modelling

The investigated mantle bodies from the External Ligurians (Groppo di Gorro and Mt. Rocchetta) show evidences of a complex evolution determined by an early high temperature metasomatism, due to percolating melts of asthenospheric origin, and a later metasomatism at relatively high temperature by hydrothermal fluids, with formation of rodingites. At Groppo di Gorro, the serpentinization and chloritization processes obliterated totally the pyroxenite protolith, whereas at Mt. Rocchetta relics of peridotite and pyroxenite protoliths were preserved from serpentinization. The rodingite parageneses consist of diopside þ vesuvianite þ garnet þ calcite þ chlorite at Groppo di Gorro and garnet þ diopside þ serpentine  vesuvianite  prehnite  chlorite  pumpellyite at Mt. Rocchetta. Fluid inclusion measurements show that rodingitization occurred at relatively high temperatures (264–334 C at 500 bar and 300–380 C at 1 kbar). Garnet, the first phase of rodingite to form, consists of abundant hydrogarnet component at Groppo di Gorro, whereas it is mainly composed of grossular and andradite at Mt. Rocchetta. The last stage of rodingitization is characterized by the vesuvianite formation. Hydrogarnet nucleation requires high Ca and low silica fluids, whereas the formation of vesuvianite does not need CO2-poor fluids. The formation of calcite at Groppo di Gorro points to mildly oxidizing conditions compatible with hydrothermal fluids; the presence of andradite associated with serpentine and magnetite at Mt. Rocchetta suggests Fe3þ-bearing fluids with fO2 slightly higher than iron-magnetite buffer. We propose that the formation of the studied rodingite could be related to different pulses of hydrothermal fluids mainly occurring in an oceancontinent transitional setting and, locally, in an accretionary prism associated with intra-oceanic subduction.